"Louisiana v. Callais, which was before the Supreme Court for oral argument today, involves an endemic conflict in redistricting cases between Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act and the Equal Protection Clause. Section 2 requires that members of racial groups have an equal “opportunity . . . to participate in the political process and to elect representatives of their choice,” and it often requires states to draw majority-minority districts. The Equal Protection Clause, on the other hand, forbids states from drawing districts by focusing predominantly on race. Thus, states are between a rock and a hard place. The Voting Rights Act requires that states pay enough attention to race to ensure minority control of the right number of districts, and yet the Equal Protection Clause requires that states not consider race too much."